Eye conditions
Most eye conditions settle in painlessly and invisibly at first — which is precisely why regular examination matters. Caught early, almost all of them can be treated, slowed or stabilised.
Cataract
The lens inside the eye clouds over gradually with age. Vision turns hazy, as though behind frosted glass; colours dull and yellow, headlights dazzle at night, and glasses need changing more often than they used to. It is neither an emergency nor an inevitability: cataract is corrected by short, very well-established surgery, timed with you, when the difficulty becomes real in your daily life.
Glaucoma
Pressure that is too high inside the eye slowly damages the fibres of the optic nerve. The field of vision narrows from the edges inwards, so gradually that it usually goes unnoticed until it is already advanced. Glaucoma does not hurt and gives no warning: it is found by measuring the pressure and examining the optic nerve, with OCT and visual field testing. Fibres already lost do not grow back — but treatment, usually a drop taken in the evening, stops the progression. Which is why finding it early matters so much, particularly after 40 or with a family history.
Age-related macular degeneration
AMD affects the macula, the small central area of the retina you use to read, to sew, to recognise a face. It first distorts straight lines, then erases the centre of the image, while leaving peripheral vision intact. The wet form is treated with intravitreal injections, and the earlier they start the better they work — a few days can make the difference. A simple test to do at home, the Amsler grid, picks up distortion between appointments.
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetes damages the small vessels of the retina, silently, over years. It is one of the leading causes of sight loss in adults in France, and yet one of the most avoidable: an examination of the back of the eye at least once a year allows treatment by laser or injection well before vision is affected. Normal sight is never a reason to skip that annual check — if anything, it is the ideal moment to have it.
Dry eye
Stinging, a gritty feeling under the lid, heavy eyes by the end of the day and, paradoxically, watering eyes: dry eye is the single most common reason people come to see us. Far more often it comes from a poor-quality tear film — the glands in the lids produce too little of the oily layer — than from a genuine lack of tears. It is eased with preservative-free artificial tears, regular lid care, and a few changes of habit, particularly around screens.
Refractive errors
Myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism and presbyopia are not diseases: they are optical defects, corrected with glasses, contact lenses or, in some cases, surgery. Presbyopia in particular is not a sign of anything going wrong — it is the normal evolution of the lens after 45. Childhood myopia is the exception and deserves close monitoring: it progresses for as long as the eye is growing, and high myopia raises the adult risk of retinal detachment and glaucoma.
Eyelids and tear ducts
Styes, chalazia, blepharitis, a drooping lid, a permanently watering eye: lid problems are common, usually benign, and often put up with for far too long. They are worth an opinion all the same, because they keep discomfort going, make lens wear difficult, and — when a lid falls across the pupil — can genuinely narrow your field of vision.
This page gives general information and is not a substitute for a consultation. Only an examination can establish a diagnosis and tailor treatment to your situation.
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